fix(core): Restore workflow ID during execution creation (#8031)

## Summary
Restore workflow ID during execution creation removed by [this
PR](https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/pull/8002/files#diff-c8cbb62ca9ab2ae45e5f565cd8c63fff6475809a6241ea0b90acc575615224af).
The missing workflow ID, and more generally the fact that `workflow.id`
is optional when it should not be, causes `PermissionChecker.check` to
misreport a credential as inaccessible when it should be accessible.

More generally, start reporting ID-less workflows so we can root them
out and prevent this at type level.

## Related tickets and issues

https://n8nio.slack.com/archives/C035KBDA917/p1702539465555529

packages/cli/src/databases/repositories/execution.repository.ts

@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ export class ExecutionRepository extends Repository<ExecutionEntity> {
 		const { connections, nodes, name } = workflowData ?? {};
 		await this.executionDataRepository.insert({
 			executionId,
-			workflowData: { connections, nodes, name },
+			workflowData: { connections, nodes, name, id: workflowData?.id },
 			data: stringify(data),
 		});
 		return String(executionId);